Sandquist, D.R., and J.R. Ehleringer. 1995. Carbon isotope discrimination in the C4 shrub Atriplex confertifolia (Torr. & Frem.) Wats. along a salinity gradient. Great Bas. Nat. 55:135-141.

Carbon isotope discrimination (D) was measured for leaves of Atriplex confertifolia along a salinity gradient in northern Utah. Over this gradient, the variation of D values was high for a C4 species, and the D values were positively correlated with salinity in both years of the study. Of the possible explanations for this pattern, the D results are consistent with the notion that salinity induces an increase in the bundle sheath leakiness of these C4 plants.